Steps of de novo synthesis of cholesterol Cholesterol is derived from diet, de novo synthesis, and the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters. A little more than half the cholesterol of the body arises by synthesis (about 700 mg/d), and the average diet provides the remainder. The liver and intestine account for approximately 10% each of the […]
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Ketone bodies Ketone bodies can be regarded as a water-soluble, transportable form of acetyl units. Fatty acids are released by adipose tissue and converted into acetyl units by the liver, which then exports them as ketone bodies. Acetoacetate, D(-3) -hydroxybutyrate (Beta-hydroxybutyrate), and acetone are often referred to as ketone bodies (figure-1). Figure-1- showing the structure
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The fatty acid synthesis starts with the carboxylation of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA. This irreversible reaction is the committed step in fatty acid synthesis (figure 1). Figure- 1- Showing the formation of Malonyl co A from Acetyl co A Bicarbonate as a source of CO2 is required in the initial reaction for the carboxylation
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Sources of Fatty acids Diet Adipolysis de novo synthesis(from precursors)- Carbohydrates, protein, and other molecules obtained from the diet in excess of the body’s need can be converted to fatty acids, which are stored as triglycerides de novo Fatty Acid Synthesis Characteristics An extramitochondrial system synthesizes fatty acids This system is present in many tissues,
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A saturated acyl Co-A is degraded by a recurring sequence of four reactions: 1) Oxidation (dehydrogenation) by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 2) Hydration, 3) Oxidation(dehydrogenation) by NAD+, and 4) Thiolysis by Co A The fatty acyl chain is shortened by two carbon atoms as a result of these reactions, and FADH2, NADH, and acetyl Co
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